INFECCIÓN PERIPROTÉSICA DE CADERA: DIAGNÓSTICO, TOMA DE MUESTRAS Y DECISIÓN TERAPÉUTICA
Palabras clave:
infección periprotésica; cadera; artroplastia total de cadera; diagnóstico; cultivos; revisión protésicaResumen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/yc.v10i18.0846
Resumen
La infección periprotésica de cadera representa una de las complicaciones más complejas de la artroplastia total de cadera y exige una integración rigurosa de criterios clínicos, séricos, sinoviales, microbiológicos e intraoperatorios para orientar una decisión terapéutica racional. Se presenta un caso prototipo con fines académicos de una paciente de 69 años con artroplastia total de cadera izquierda realizada tres años antes por coxartrosis primaria, que consultó por dolor inguinal progresivo y deterioro funcional de cuatro meses de evolución, sin fístula evidente. Los estudios séricos mostraron proteína C reactiva de 38 mg/L y velocidad de sedimentación globular de 72 mm/h. La aspiración articular, efectuada tras suspensión de antibióticos por dos semanas, evidenció 18 600 leucocitos/µL, 89% de polimorfonucleares, esterasa leucocitaria positiva y cultivo positivo para Staphylococcus epidermidis sensible a meticilina. Dada la cronicidad del cuadro, el aflojamiento radiológico de los componentes y la alta probabilidad de biopelícula madura, se indicó revisión en dos tiempos. Se obtuvieron cinco muestras profundas intraoperatorias de sitios anatómicos distintos; cuatro de cinco cultivos y la histopatología confirmaron infección. Tras resección protésica, colocación de espaciador articulado con antibiótico y tratamiento antimicrobiano dirigido, se realizó reimplante diferido con evolución favorable. A los 12 meses, la paciente permanecía sin recurrencia clínica ni radiológica, con recuperación funcional satisfactoria. El caso ilustra la relevancia del diagnóstico multimodal, de la toma sistemática de muestras y de la individualización de la estrategia quirúrgica.
Palabras claves: infección periprotésica; cadera; artroplastia total de cadera; diagnóstico; cultivos; revisión protésica.
Abstract
Periprosthetic hip infection is one of the most challenging complications after total hip arthroplasty and requires rigorous integration of clinical, serum, synovial, microbiological, and intraoperative findings to support rational therapeutic decision-making. We present an academic prototype case of a 69-year-old woman who had undergone left total hip arthroplasty three years earlier for primary osteoarthritis and presented with progressive groin pain and functional deterioration over four months, without a sinus tract. Serum testing showed a C-reactive protein level of 38 mg/L and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 72 mm/h. Hip aspiration, performed after a two-week antibiotic-free interval, showed 18,600 leukocytes/µL, 89% polymorphonuclear cells, positive leukocyte esterase, and culture growth of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis. Because of the chronic course, radiographic loosening, and likely mature biofilm, a two-stage revision strategy was selected. Five deep intraoperative samples were obtained from different anatomical sites; four of five cultures and histopathology supported infection. After prosthesis removal, placement of an antibiotic-loaded articulating spacer, and targeted antimicrobial therapy, delayed reimplantation was performed with a favorable outcome. At 12 months, the patient remained free of clinical or radiographic recurrence and had satisfactory functional recovery. This prototype case highlights the value of multimodal diagnosis, standardized specimen collection, and individualized surgical planning.
Keywords: periprosthetic joint infection; hip; total hip arthroplasty; diagnosis; cultures; revision arthroplasty.
Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 16 de diciembre de 2025.
Fecha de aceptación: 25 de febrero de 2026.
Fecha de publicación: 25 de marzo de 2026.
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Derechos de autor 2026 REVISTA CIENTÍFICA MULTIDISCIPLINARIA ARBITRADA YACHASUN - ISSN: 2697-3456

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