RINOSINUSITIS CRÓNICA Y ASMA: RELACIÓN CLÍNICA E INFLAMATORIA

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

rinosinusitis crónica; asma; inflamación tipo 2; eosinófilos; pólipos nasales; vía aérea unificada; PRISMA

Resumen

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/yc.v10i19.0981

Resumen

Introducción: La rinosinusitis crónica (RSC) y el asma coexisten con frecuencia y comparten mecanismos inflamatorios que sustentan el concepto de vía aérea unificada. Sin embargo, la magnitud de su asociación clínica y la concordancia entre biomarcadores de vía aérea superior e inferior varían según el fenotipo de RSC y el endotipo inflamatorio. Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia sobre la relación clínica e inflamatoria entre RSC y asma, con énfasis en control de síntomas, exacerbaciones, función pulmonar, aparición de asma y marcadores de inflamación tipo 2 (T2). Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda principal se efectuó en PubMed desde el 1 de enero de 2015 hasta el 30 de mayo de 2026 mediante términos MeSH y texto libre para RSC, asma, inflamación, eosinófilos, inflamación T2 y desenlaces clínicos. Se incluyeron estudios originales en humanos que evaluaron de forma directa la coexistencia o asociación entre RSC y asma y aportaron desenlaces clínicos o inflamatorios. La heterogeneidad de diseños y medidas justificó una síntesis cualitativa. Resultados: Se identificaron 216 registros; 61 se buscaron para recuperación, 57 se evaluaron para elegibilidad y 27 se incluyeron en la síntesis final. La evidencia fue consistente en que la RSC, particularmente la RSC con pólipos nasales y los fenotipos eosinofílicos, se asocia con mayor carga de asma, peor control, mayor uso de corticosteroides sistémicos y mayor riesgo de exacerbaciones. Estudios longitudinales recientes también respaldan una relación temporal entre inflamación sinonasal y aparición posterior de asma. En el plano inflamatorio se observó convergencia de eosinofilia sanguínea y tisular, FeNO elevado, periostina y activación de vías IL-4/IL-13/IL-5, aunque algunos estudios describieron superposición T2/T3 y heterogeneidad fuera del fenotipo polipoide. Conclusión: La RSC y el asma deben considerarse manifestaciones interrelacionadas de enfermedad de la vía aérea, con una asociación particularmente intensa en la inflamación T2/eosinofílica. La evaluación conjunta de gravedad clínica y biomarcadores puede mejorar la estratificación del riesgo y favorecer decisiones terapéuticas integradas.

Palabras claves: rinosinusitis crónica; asma; inflamación tipo 2; eosinófilos; pólipos nasales; vía aérea unificada; PRISMA.

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma frequently coexist and share inflammatory mechanisms that underpin the concept of the unified airway. However, the magnitude of their clinical association and the concordance between upper and lower airway biomarkers vary according to the CRS phenotype and inflammatory endotype. Objective: To synthesize evidence regarding the clinical and inflammatory relationship between CRS and asthma, focusing on symptom control, exacerbations, lung function, asthma onset, and type 2 (T2) inflammation markers. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The primary search was performed in PubMed (January 1, 2015, to May 30, 2026) using MeSH terms and free-text terms for CRS, asthma, inflammation, eosinophils, T2 inflammation, and clinical outcomes. Original studies in humans that directly evaluated the coexistence or association between CRS and asthma and reported clinical or inflammatory outcomes were included. The heterogeneity of study designs and measurements warranted a qualitative synthesis. Results: A total of 216 records were identified; 61 were sought for retrieval, 57 were assessed for eligibility, and 27 were included in the final synthesis. Evidence consistently showed that CRS—particularly CRS with nasal polyps and eosinophilic phenotypes—is associated with a higher asthma burden, poorer control, increased use of systemic corticosteroids, and a higher risk of exacerbations. Recent longitudinal studies also support a temporal relationship between sinonasal inflammation and the subsequent onset of asthma. Regarding inflammation, convergence was observed in blood and tissue eosinophilia, elevated FeNO, periostin levels, and activation of IL-4/IL-13/IL-5 pathways, although some studies described T2/T3 overlap and heterogeneity outside the polypoid phenotype. Conclusion: CRS and asthma should be considered interrelated manifestations of airway disease, with a particularly strong association in the context of T2/eosinophilic inflammation. Joint assessment of clinical severity and biomarkers can improve risk stratification and facilitate integrated therapeutic decisions.

Keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis; asthma; type 2 inflammation; eosinophils; nasal polyps; unified airway; PRISMA.

Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción:
13 de mayo de 2026.
Fecha de aceptación: 20 de julio de 2026.
Fecha de publicación: 28 de agosto de 2026.

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Publicado

2026-08-28

Cómo citar

Villarreal-Ludeña, G. E., Agurto-Espinoza, J. P., Ramos-Minga, J. S., Bastidas-Farías, C. F., & Cabrera-Rojas, C. I. (2026). RINOSINUSITIS CRÓNICA Y ASMA: RELACIÓN CLÍNICA E INFLAMATORIA. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA MULTIDISCIPLINARIA ARBITRADA YACHASUN - ISSN: 2697-3456, 10(19), 1093–1109. Recuperado a partir de https://www.editorialibkn.com/index.php/Yachasun/article/view/1062