ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY AND SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE AND PROPOLIS EXTRACTS MIXED WITH CALCIUM HYDROXIDE FOR ENDODONTIC DISINFECTION
Keywords:
Enterococcus faecalis, Calcium hydroxide, Zingiber officinale, Propolis, Intracanal medicationAbstract
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/yc.v10i19.1008
Abstract
Given this issue and the rising bacterial resistance to conventional antimicrobials, there is a need to explore alternative phytodental formulations that harness the bioactive properties of natural products. Propolis and ginger (Zingiber officinale) contain phenolic compounds, monoterpenes, flavonoids, and oleoresins that exhibit proven antibacterial activity and the ability to disrupt microbial cell membranes. Therefore, combining these ethanolic phytoextracts with calcium hydroxide paste aims to produce a synergistic effect capable of enhancing intracanal disinfection. Objective: To analyze the in vitro susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC-29212 to a combination of ethanolic phytoextracts from Zingiber officinale and propolis with calcium hydroxide as a proposed intracanal medication. Methodology: A quasi-experimental in vitro study. Twelve Mueller-Hinton agar Petri dishes were inoculated with the microbial strain (0.5 McFarland turbidity). Four treatments (100 µL) were evaluated using the agar disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer): T1 (Calcium Hydroxide + Z. officinale 25%), T2 (Calcium Hydroxide + Z. officinale 75%), T3 (Calcium Hydroxide + Propolis 5%), and T4 (Calcium Hydroxide + Propolis 10%). Amoxicillin clavulanic acid and distilled water were used as controls. Inhibition zones were measured at 24 and 48 hours and interpreted using the Duraffourd scale. Results: The study titled "Susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC-29212 to the combination of two natural extracts with calcium hydroxide" aimed to analyze the susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis to combinations ofZingiber officinale extract or propolis extract with calcium hydroxide. Subsequently, the microorganism was inoculated onto blood agar and Mueller-Hinton agar Petri dishes alongside paper disks containing 100 µL of each treatment, following this design: T1 (Mixture of Calcium Hydroxide + Zingiber officinale extract 25%), T2 (Mixture of Calcium Hydroxide + Zingiber officinale extract 75%), T3 (Mixture of Calcium Hydroxide + propolis extract 5%), and T4 (Mixture of Calcium Hydroxide + propolis extract 10%). Additionally, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was used as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control; all samples were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The study was quasi-experimental, observational, descriptive, and in vitro in nature, utilizing a checklist as the data collection instrument. The antimicrobial activity of 10% and 5% propolis extract combined with calcium hydroxide yielded inhibition zones of 12.78 mm and 8.78 mm, respectively; meanwhile, 75% and 25% Zingiber officinale extracts showed inhibitory effects of 13.89 mm and 12.89 mm. It is concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between the inhibition zones of the 25% and 75% Zingiber officinale extracts; however, the combination with propolis extract demonstrates greater efficacy at higher concentrations.
Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis, Calcium hydroxide, Zingiber officinale, Propolis, Intracanal medication.
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