ESTRATEGIAS DE TAMIZAJE POSPARTO Y PREVENCIÓN CARDIOMETABÓLICA TRAS DIABETES GESTACIONAL

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

diabetes gestacional; tamizaje posparto; diabetes tipo 2; prevención; atención primaria; Latinoamérica

Resumen

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/yc.v10i18.0857

Resumen

Las mujeres con antecedente de diabetes gestacional presentan un riesgo elevado de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedad cardiovascular en los años posteriores al parto, lo que convierte el periodo posparto en una ventana crítica para el tamizaje metabólico y la prevención cardiometabólica. Esta revisión crítica sintetiza evidencia publicada entre 2015 y 2025 sobre intervenciones destinadas a aumentar la realización de la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa de 75 g en el posparto y a mejorar la continuidad del seguimiento clínico. Se incluyeron estudios clínicos, metaanálisis y guías, con énfasis en estrategias aplicables a escenarios reales de Latinoamérica. En general, las tasas de tamizaje posparto son bajas (<50%) y se explican por barreras multicausales: a nivel de la paciente (limitaciones de tiempo, cuidado del recién nacido, baja percepción de riesgo y dificultades logísticas para una prueba de 2 horas), del personal sanitario (insuficiente recomendación, educación o coordinación del seguimiento) y del sistema (fragmentación asistencial y pérdida de continuidad). La evidencia muestra que la educación antenatal —en particular en formato grupal— es una de las intervenciones más efectivas para incrementar la adherencia al tamizaje, seguida por la educación individual. Los recordatorios telefónicos tienden a ser más eficaces que los mensajes SMS aislados, y los enfoques que facilitan el acceso (agendamiento anticipado, integración de la atención obstétrica con atención primaria o endocrinología) mejoran tanto la realización del tamizaje como la detección temprana de prediabetes. Las intervenciones digitales (mensajería personalizada, aplicaciones) son factibles y aceptables, aunque su impacto suele ser modesto cuando se implementan como medidas únicas. En conjunto, las estrategias multimodales que combinan educación, recordatorios y navegación/coordinación de cuidados logran los mejores resultados sostenidos. Se concluye que se requiere un modelo integral y escalable que eduque desde el embarazo, reduzca fricciones logísticas del tamizaje, asegure una transición efectiva a atención primaria y mantenga seguimiento hasta al menos 3 años posparto, aprovechando la infraestructura materno-infantil y las tecnologías móviles disponibles en la región.

Palabras claves: diabetes gestacional; tamizaje posparto; diabetes tipo 2; prevención; atención primaria; Latinoamérica.

Abstract

Women with prior gestational diabetes are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the years after delivery, making the postpartum period a critical window for metabolic screening and cardiometabolic prevention. This critical review synthesizes evidence published between 2015 and 2025 on interventions designed to increase completion of the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test postpartum and to strengthen continuity of follow-up care. Clinical studies, meta-analyses, and relevant guidelines were included, with emphasis on strategies feasible in real-world Latin American settings. Overall, postpartum screening rates remain low (<50%) and are driven by multilevel barriers: patient-level factors (time constraints, competing newborn-care demands, low risk perception, and logistical challenges of a 2-hour test), provider-level factors (insufficient recommendation, education, or organized follow-up), and system-level gaps (fragmented care transitions and poor longitudinal continuity). Evidence indicates that antenatal education—particularly group-based formats—is among the most effective approaches to improve screening uptake, followed by individualized education. Telephone reminders tend to outperform isolated SMS reminders, and access-facilitating approaches (advance scheduling, integration of obstetric care with primary care or endocrinology) improve both screening completion and early detection of prediabetes. Digital health interventions (tailored messaging, smartphone apps) are feasible and acceptable, but their impact is often modest when implemented as standalone measures. Overall, multicomponent strategies combining education, reminders, and care navigation/coordination achieve the most sustained improvements in screening and prevention. The review concludes that an integrated, scalable model is needed—one that starts education during pregnancy, reduces logistical friction around screening, ensures effective transition to primary care, and maintains follow-up for at least 3 years postpartum—leveraging existing maternal-child health infrastructure and widely available mobile technology across the region.

Keywords: gestational diabetes; postpartum screening; type 2 diabetes; prevention; primary care; Latin America.

Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción:
08 de enero de 2026.
Fecha de aceptación: 20 de marzo de 2026.
Fecha de publicación: 20 de abril de 2026.

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Citas

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Publicado

2026-04-20

Cómo citar

Vallejo-Patiño, D. R., Castañeda-Trujillo, L. V., Cáliz-Ostos, Z. M., Navarro-Perdomo, J. G., Rivera-Ricardo, Y., Naizzir-Galvis, L. L., Torres-Meneses, M. J., & Diaz-Ruiz, A. L. (2026). ESTRATEGIAS DE TAMIZAJE POSPARTO Y PREVENCIÓN CARDIOMETABÓLICA TRAS DIABETES GESTACIONAL. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA MULTIDISCIPLINARIA ARBITRADA YACHASUN - ISSN: 2697-3456, 10(18), 1143–1167. Recuperado a partir de https://www.editorialibkn.com/index.php/Yachasun/article/view/927