ENVOLTURAS VERDES PARA CIUDADES RESILIENTES: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA PRISMA 2015–2025 SOBRE DESEMPEÑO TÉRMICO Y ENERGÉTICO
Palabras clave:
cubiertas vegetales; fachadas vegetales; isla de calor urbana; confort térmico; diseño bioclimáticoResumen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/yc.v10i18.0819
Resumen
El cambio climático y la urbanización acelerada intensifican la isla de calor urbana (ICU), reduciendo la resiliencia y la habitabilidad de las ciudades. La arquitectura verde —mediante cubiertas y fachadas vegetales— se reconoce como una estrategia bioclimática con capacidad de mitigar temperaturas extremas. Esta revisión documental sistematiza y analiza la evidencia científica publicada entre 2020 y 2025 sobre el desempeño térmico de cubiertas y fachadas vegetales en entornos urbanos. Se efectuó una búsqueda sistemática en Scopus, Web of Science y ScienceDirect, aplicando criterios rigurosos de inclusión y exclusión para seleccionar estudios experimentales y de simulación. La síntesis comparativa muestra que las cubiertas vegetales pueden reducir la temperatura superficial de techos aproximadamente entre 10 °C y 30 °C y la temperatura del aire circundante entre 2 °C y 5 °C. Las fachadas vegetales evidencian reducciones consistentes de la temperatura superficial de muros y mejoras del confort térmico interior, asociadas a ahorros energéticos relevantes. La magnitud del efecto depende de la tipología constructiva (extensiva/intensiva), las características de la vegetación (densidad foliar, especies) y el contexto climático local. Se concluye que las envolventes vegetadas constituyen herramientas eficaces y multifuncionales para la adaptación climática urbana; su incorporación en políticas de planificación sostenible y normativas de eficiencia energética resulta clave para potenciar la resiliencia frente al calentamiento global.
Palabras clave: cubiertas vegetales; fachadas vegetales; isla de calor urbana; confort térmico; diseño bioclimático.
Abstract
Climate change and accelerated urbanization intensify the urban heat island (UHI) effect, undermining urban resilience and livability. Green architecture—through green roofs and vegetated facades—has emerged as a bioclimatic strategy capable of attenuating extreme temperatures. This documentary review systematizes and analyzes scientific evidence published between 2020 and 2025 on the thermal performance of green roofs and facades in urban environments. A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, applying rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant experimental and simulation studies. Comparative synthesis indicates that green roofs can reduce roof surface temperatures by approximately 10 °C to 30 °C and surrounding air temperatures by 2 °C to 5 °C. Vegetated facades show consistent reductions in wall surface temperature and improvements in indoor thermal comfort, translating into meaningful energy savings. The magnitude of cooling is conditioned by construction typology (extensive vs. intensive), vegetation attributes (leaf density, species), and local climatic conditions. Overall, vegetated envelopes are effective and multifunctional tools for urban climate adaptation. Their integration into sustainable urban planning policies and energy-efficiency regulations is essential to strengthen city resilience in the context of global warming.
Keywords: green roofs; vegetated facades; urban heat island; thermal comfort; bioclimatic design.
Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 11 de noviembre de 2025.
Fecha de aceptación: 10 de enero de 2026.
Fecha de publicación: 23 de febrero de 2026.
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Derechos de autor 2026 REVISTA CIENTÍFICA MULTIDISCIPLINARIA ARBITRADA YACHASUN - ISSN: 2697-3456
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