EFICACIA DE LA HIPODERMOCLISIS FRENTE A LA VÍA INTRAVENOSA EN CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS DOMICILIARIOS
Palabras clave:
hipodermoclisis, vía intravenosa, cuidados paliativos, control sintomático, atención domiciliariaResumen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/yc.v9i17.0762
Resumen
Este estudio realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo la guía PRISMA para evaluar la eficacia de la hipodermoclisis frente a la vía intravenosa en cuidados paliativos domiciliarios. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2018 y 2024, que compararon ambos métodos en pacientes paliativos en contexto domiciliario, con diseños cualitativos, cuantitativos o mixtos y revisados por pares. Los resultados indican que la hipodermoclisis mejora el control sintomático en más del 50% de pacientes, especialmente quienes tienen mejor estado funcional. Presenta una tasa baja de efectos adversos, generalmente leves y localizados, y ofrece ventajas prácticas como menor dolor, manejo sencillo y reducción de hospitalizaciones, favoreciendo una atención más humana en el domicilio. No obstante, la hipodermoclisis está subutilizada debido a la falta de capacitación del personal sanitario y la ausencia de protocolos estandarizados, limitaciones que deben superarse mediante formación continua y desarrollo de guías clínicas específicas. Se concluye que la hipodermoclisis es una opción segura, eficaz y costo-efectiva para el manejo domiciliario en cuidados paliativos, que mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes y facilita la participación de cuidadores. Se recomienda profundizar en investigaciones que identifiquen los perfiles de pacientes que más se benefician y evalúen la implementación a largo plazo de esta técnica.
Palabras claves: hipodermoclisis, vía intravenosa, cuidados paliativos, control sintomático, atención domiciliaria.
Abstract
This study conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the efficacy of hypodermoclysis versus intravenous administration in home palliative care. Studies published between 2018 and 2024 were included. These studies compared both methods in palliative care patients in the home setting, with qualitative, quantitative, or mixed peer-reviewed designs. The results indicate that hypodermoclysis improves symptom control in more than 50% of patients, especially those with better functional status. It has a low rate of adverse effects, which are generally mild and localized, and offers practical advantages such as less pain, easier management, and fewer hospitalizations, favoring more humane home care. However, hypodermoclysis is underutilized due to the lack of training of healthcare personnel and the absence of standardized protocols, limitations that must be overcome through ongoing training and the development of specific clinical guidelines. It is concluded that hypodermoclysis is a safe, effective, and cost-effective option for home palliative care management, improving patients' quality of life and facilitating caregiver participation. Further research is recommended to identify the patient profiles that benefit most and evaluate the long-term implementation of this technique.
Keywords: Hypodermoclysis, intravenous, palliative care, symptom control, home care.
Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 19 de julio de 2025.
Fecha de aceptación: 15 de septiembre de 2025.
Fecha de publicación: 14 de octubre de 2025.
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