Ortega-Riofrio et al. (2026)
vivo acumulado, mientras la coexistencia con otros factores de infertilidad sí empeoró el
pronóstico. Conclusión: La endometriosis parece comprometer principalmente la eficiencia
ovárica y el tamaño de la cohorte embrionaria, sobre todo en enfermedad moderada-grave,
endometrioma y antecedentes quirúrgicos. Una vez obtenido un embrión transferible, el efecto
independiente sobre embarazo y nacido vivo es menor y heterogéneo. La interpretación clínica
debe considerar edad, reserva ovárica, estadio, cirugía previa, factores de infertilidad
concomitantes y la diferencia entre tasas por transferencia y resultados acumulados.
Palabras claves: endometriosis; fecundación in vitro; ICSI; reproducción asistida; nacido vivo;
embarazo; reserva ovárica; PRISMA 2020.
Abstract
Introduction: Endometriosis is associated with infertility and can alter ovarian reserve, response
to stimulation, oocyte competence, embryonic development, and endometrial receptivity.
However, its impact on clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) remains
controversial. Objective: To synthesize full-text evidence available up to April 30, 2026, regarding
the impact of endometriosis on ovarian, embryonic, and clinical outcomes in women undergoing
in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and fresh or cryopreserved
embryo transfer. Methods: A systematic review structured according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
Reproducible searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciELO, and an
equivalent strategy was prepared for Scopus. Primary comparative studies involving women with
endometriosis versus controls without endometriosis—with accessible full text and published up
to April 30, 2026—were included. Primary outcomes were live birth, cumulative live birth,
clinical/ongoing pregnancy, implantation, and miscarriage; secondary outcomes included AMH,
antral follicle count (AFC), retrieved and MII oocytes, fertilization, and embryo
quality/development. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity prompted a narrative synthesis
by outcome. Results: Seventeen primary full-text studies were included. The most consistent
finding was reduced ovarian reserve and response in cases of endometriosis, with several studies
reporting lower AFC/AMH and fewer oocytes, MII oocytes, or embryos. Fertilization rates and
embryo quality were generally comparable after controlling for confounding factors, although
some studies on moderate-to-severe endometriosis described morphokinetic alterations or
reduced embryonic competence. Clinical outcomes per transfer or per cycle were mostly similar,
especially after adjustment for age and ovarian reserve; however, some studies observed lower
cumulative live birth rates due to a smaller number of frozen embryos. Evidence regarding
miscarriage was inconsistent: a large cohort study found no significant increase, whereas a study
on single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer found higher miscarriage rates, particularly in cases
of advanced disease. A registry-based study of 79,318 women published in 2025 showed that
endometriosis as an isolated diagnosis did not reduce cumulative live birth rates, whereas its
coexistence with other infertility factors did worsen the prognosis. Conclusion: Endometriosis
appears to primarily compromise ovarian efficiency and the size of the embryonic cohort,
especially in cases of moderate-to-severe disease, endometriomas, and a history of surgery.
Once a transferable embryo is obtained, the independent effect on pregnancy and live birth
outcomes is minor and heterogeneous. Clinical interpretation must take into account age, ovarian
reserve, disease stage, prior surgery, concomitant infertility factors, and the distinction between
per-transfer rates and cumulative outcomes.
Keywords: endometriosis; in vitro fertilization; ICSI; assisted reproduction; live birth; pregnancy;
ovarian reserve; PRISMA 2020.
cavidad uterina. Su asociación con
1. Introducción
infertilidad es multifactorial e incluye
distorsión anatómica pélvica,
adherencias, inflamación peritoneal
folicular, estrés oxidativo,
La endometriosis es una enfermedad
inflamatoria crónica dependiente de
estrógenos caracterizada por tejido
similar al endometrio fuera de la
y