González-Castillo et al. (2026)
distales de fémur alrededor de TKA, la evidencia reciente favorece una estrategia individualizada
en lugar de reglas absolutas.
Palabras claves: fractura periprotésica; artroplastia de cadera; artroplastia de rodilla; Vancouver;
Unified Classification System; Rorabeck; Su; Felix; revisión protésica; osteosíntesis.
Abstract
Background: Periprosthetic fractures around hip and knee arthroplasty combine host frailty,
compromised bone stock, implant-related constraints, and substantial morbidity. Classification is
clinically valuable only when it leads to reproducible decisions regarding component stability,
reconstructability, fixation, and revision. Objective: To synthesize primary evidence on
classification systems and their translation into surgical decision-making for complex
periprosthetic fractures of the hip and knee, focusing on internal fixation, component revision, and
segmental replacement. Methods: A systematic review with narrative synthesis of primary adult
studies was undertaken. Targeted PubMed/MEDLINE retrieval and backward/forward citation
tracking were performed through august 1, 2026. Classification/validation studies and surgical
cohorts with at least 10 patients reporting decision-relevant outcomes were eligible. Sixty-four
records entered the adjudicated screening set; 6 duplicates were removed, 58 records were
screened, 42 full texts were assessed, and 34 primary studies were included. Owing to marked
anatomical, implant, and treatment heterogeneity, no de novo meta-analysis was undertaken.
Results: For hip fractures, stem stability and bone stock remain central to Vancouver/UCS
decision-making. Vancouver B1 generally supports fixation; B2 classically indicates stem revision,
although contemporary observational evidence supports selective ORIF in frail patients and in
certain polished cemented stems with an intact bone-cement interface and an anatomically
reducible fracture; B3 requires revision reconstruction for deficient bone stock. Around TKA, a
stable femoral component permits locked plating or retrograde nailing depending on implant
geometry and distal bone; medial comminution, extreme distal location, and osteoporosis may
justify dual plating or nail-plate constructs. Component loosening or unreconstructible bone shifts
management toward revision TKA or distal femoral replacement. Felix classification remains
useful for periprosthetic tibial fractures by combining fracture location and component stability.
Most therapeutic evidence is retrospective and subject to confounding by indication. Conclusions:
Classification systems should not be used as isolated labels. Surgical planning should integrate
true implant stability, bone stock, fracture morphology, implant geometry, early weight-bearing
needs, frailty, infection status, and reconstructive expertise. Recent evidence supports
individualized rather than absolute treatment rules, particularly for Vancouver B2 hip fractures
and distal femoral fractures around TKA.
Keywords: periprosthetic fracture; hip arthroplasty; knee arthroplasty; Vancouver; Unified
Classification System; Rorabeck; Su; Felix; revision arthroplasty; internal fixation.
fractura convencional, el cirujano
1
. Introducción
debe resolver simultáneamente
cuatro problemas: la estabilidad del
componente, la disponibilidad de
hueso para fijación, la biología del
foco y la capacidad fisiológica del
La expansión sostenida de la
artroplastia total de cadera (THA) y
de rodilla (TKA), junto con el
envejecimiento de la población y la
supervivencia prolongada de los
implantes, ha convertido a la fractura
periprotésica en una complicación
reconstructiva cada vez más
relevante. A diferencia de una
paciente
para
tolerar
mayor.
una
reconstrucción
Esta
interacción explica por qué dos
fracturas radiográficamente